@gferreira Thank you! That is much clearer now. I found that in my example I have a lot of transformations and somewhere it gets weird again, but on its own it works!

@frederik You opened a door to a whole new world for me. This is much simpler than I thought. And at the same time, I think it’s going to take me some time to get my head around all this pen-stuff. Thanks!

@gferreira great!!!! thank you very much.

The documentation is adjusted and path.onCurvePoints and path.offCurvePoints and the path contours are immutable now. see https://github.com/typemytype/drawbot/pull/350

Thank you so much again, Gustavo!

The finished product, a tribute to Bridget Riley's Rustle 6 (2015). import math canvasX = 600 canvasY = 600 nFrames = 120 side = canvasX/14 height = (side * sqrt(3))/2 center = (side/sqrt(3))/2 nX = 14 nY = 15 offsetX = side offsetY = height from datetime import * time = datetime.now() def interpolate(pt1, pt2, ratio): assert ratio <= 1 return (pt1[0] + (ratio * (pt2[0] - pt1[0])), pt1[1] + (ratio * (pt2[1] - pt1[1]))) def triangle(s, h, c, inout): assert inout >= 0 and inout <= 1 start = (-s/2, h/2) pivot = (0, h/2 - (c * 3)) target = (s/2, h/2) control = interpolate((s/2, -c/2), (0, h/2 - c), inout) radius = s # optimal distance to control points is (4/3)*tan(pi/(2n); thank you https://stackoverflow.com/users/16673/suma for answering this question https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1734745/how-to-create-circle-with-b%C3%A9zier-curves control_ratio = ((4/3 * tan(pi/12)) * radius) / (2 * c) controlP = interpolate(pivot, control, control_ratio) controlT = interpolate(target, control, control_ratio) triangle = BezierPath() triangle.moveTo(start) triangle.lineTo(pivot) triangle.curveTo(controlP, controlT, target) triangle.closePath() drawPath(triangle) def frame(x, y, m): f = BezierPath() g = BezierPath() f.rect(0, 0, x, y) g.rect(m, m, x - (2 * m), y - (2 * m)) f = f.difference(g) f.closePath() drawPath(f) # original Riley plan for Rustle 6 plan = [ [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0], [-1, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 1, -1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0], [0, -1, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, -1, 0], [0, 1, -1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 1, 0, 0], [-1, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, -1], [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0], [0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, -1, 0], [0, -1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, -1, 0], [-1, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, -1, -1], [-1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, -1, -1, 0], [0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, -1, -1, 0], [0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], ] for n in range(nFrames): newPage(canvasX, canvasY) frameDuration(1/30) ex = sin(radians(n * (360/nFrames))) fill(1) rect(0, 0, canvasX, canvasY) with savedState(): translate(canvasX/2, canvasY/2) fill(0) translate(-(nX - 1) * offsetX/2, (nY - 1) * offsetY/2) for i in range(nY): with savedState(): translate(0, i * -offsetY) if i % 2 == 0: for j in range(nX - 1): with savedState(): translate(offsetX/2 + (j * offsetX), 0) triangle(side, height, center, .5 - (ex * (plan[i][j] * .5))) else: for j in range(nX): with savedState(): translate(j * offsetX, 0) triangle(side, height, center, .5 - (ex * (plan[i][j] * .5))) fill(1) frame(canvasX, canvasY, side/2) saveImage('~/Desktop/riley_tribute_test_01_%s.gif' %time) The reference image:

Dear @gferreira, I tried to use your suggestion it in my exercise and it worked fine. Thank you so much for your help! Amazing. Thank you and kind regards, Petra

hello @erik, yes, see this example. groeten!

continue here https://github.com/typemytype/drawbot/issues/301 thanks!

hello @KevinKarney, welcome to DrawBot! 1. I need the option to build compound objects (with unions, differences, intersections). Is it possible to make (e.g) a torus by differencing 2 circles. Or do I have to create two bezier paths and then do the difference. both methods are possible: you can do it with a single BezierPath by drawing two circles in opposing directions: x, y = 500, 500 r1 = 400 r2 = 300 B = BezierPath() B.oval(x-r1, y-r1, r1*2, r1*2) B.reverse() B.oval(x-r2, y-r2, r2*2, r2*2) fill(0, 1, 0) stroke(1, 0, 0) strokeWidth(10) drawPath(B) or you can draw two separate circles, and get the difference between them: B1 = BezierPath() B1.oval(x-r1, y-r1, r1*2, r1*2) B2 = BezierPath() B2.oval(x-r2, y-r2, r2*2, r2*2) B3 = B1.difference(B2) drawPath(B3) 2. with primitives such as oval or rect, can I incorporate the fill, stroke, strokewidth, etc into the call. In Nodebox 1, I can say (e.g) a = rect(0,0,20,20,stroke=Red,strokewidth=3,fill=Grey, draw=False) This creates an object call a, but does not draw it.... grouping colors and geometry can be done with functions: def a(): stroke(1, 0, 0) strokeWidth(3) fill(0.5) rect(0, 0, 20, 20) a() hope this helps… have fun with the movies, and let us know if you have any other questions.

there’s an example of FlattePen + BezierPath here

mmm, generate an instance with fontTools, use that font with a path and generate the pdf? wondering if the Bad font object... error is also reported with old-style-static-fonts?

I suspect there's a way to do it by somehow drawing the straight lines in the glyphs as curves and pulling the off-curve points various distances away from being collinear with the on-curve points, in one direction or another, as I change the position of those on-curve points. But, I still struggle to figure out how to tell which are which, in a list of a curve's points, or to write a set of on-curve and off-curve points to a curve to create a shape on purpose—I know what quadratic and cubic curves are, but the order/syntax of the points in the path escapes me. So it may be a long while before I figure anything out …

I can't say for sure, but just thinking about the editing I'd been doing when I ran into the problem, open paths would be the more likely explanation. Anyway, it's working now—time to move on to new problems.

@gferreira wondrful! Thank you so much!

I was comparing a different fonts apparently, my bad.The paths are indeed going the right way.

A small example with a pen saving to a ufo file from fontParts.world import RFont # create a font object myFont = RFont(showInterface=False) # create a glyph object myGlyph = myFont.newGlyph("a") # get the pen myPen = myGlyph.getPen() # draw into the pen, similar as a DrawBot BezierPath myPen.moveTo((100, 100)) myPen.lineTo((100, 200)) myPen.lineTo((200, 200)) myPen.lineTo((200, 100)) myPen.closePath() # using a bezierPath myPath = BezierPath() # draw into the bezierPath myPath.oval(10, 10, 50, 50) myPath.text("Hello World", (60, 10)) # draw the bezierPath into the glyph pen myPath.drawToPen(myPen) # save the ufo myFont.save("path/to/save.ufo") # get a bezierPath path = BezierPath() # draw the glyph into the bezierPath myGlyph.draw(path) # draw the bezierPath drawPath(path) with DrawBot as a RoboFont extension you can also just draw into a glyph as a context, similar as drawing into a pdf, png, gif, ... # run this RoboFont with the DrawBot extension oval(10, 10, 100, 100) text("Hello World", (110, 10)) # 'a(background).glyph' saveImage("a.glyph")

see https://github.com/typemytype/drawbot/commit/d989e8bd0db35489d3eaeca453366d70a8877a1e

found it back: this reminds me a thing I wrote some years ago